鞍山市学生常见病调查及相关因素分析

目的 调查鞍山市学生常见病情况,并对其相关因素进行分析。方法 2018年9～11月选择鞍山市1个城区和1个县(铁东区和千山区),共监测13所学校,其中城区8所学校,县5所学校,其中包含小学到大学,调查学生常见病发生情况,分析不同年级、性别、地区学生常见病差异性。结果 鞍山市学生视力不良检出率最高,占53.77%,其次为恒牙龋齿,占21.11%;随着年级的增长视力不良检出率呈现出升高趋势(P0.05);与城区相比,县级学校视力不良、恒牙龋齿检出率明显偏高,且女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随着年级增长,营养不良检出率逐渐降低(P0.05)。结论 鞍山市学生健康状况不容乐观,其中视力不良、龋齿以及营养不良等成为影响学生健康的主要卫生问题,应给予高度重视。     

Enablers and inhibitors: A review of the situation regarding mHealth adoption in low- and middle-income countries

Objective

The objective of this review is to identify enabling and inhibiting factors for mHealth adoption in low resource settings, by giving emphasis on the stakeholders representing the caregiving side. Another objective of this study is to support implementation agencies (governmental and non-governmental) in designing scalable mHealth interventions.

Results of the First Clinical Study in Humans That Combines Hyperbaric Oxygen Pretreatment with Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) are at risk for multiple morbidities, including mucosal inflammation and neutropenic fever, both related to neutropenia. Evidence from our preclinical work in an umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation murine model suggests that treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) before UCB infusion improves UCB CD34⁺ cell engraftment by reducing erythropoietin levels. A pilot clinical trial using HBO in patients undergoing UCB transplantation showed improvement in kinetics of blood count recovery. In this study, we evaluated HBO in combination with auto-HCT. Our primary aim was to determine the safety of HBO in this setting and secondarily to determine its efficacy in reducing time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment compared with matched historic controls. Patients with multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin disease eligible for auto-HCT were included. On day 0, patients received HBO treatment consisting of exposure to 2.5 atmosphere absolutes for a total of 90 minutes, in a monoplace hyperbaric chamber, breathing 100% oxygen. Six hours after the start of HBO, peripherally mobilized stem/progenitor cells were infused and patients were followed daily for toxicity and blood count recovery. All patients received daily granulocyte colony-stimulating factor starting on day +5 and until absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of ≥1500 or ANC of 500 for 3 consecutive days. A matched historic cohort of 225 patients who received auto-HCT between January 2008 and December 2012 was chosen for comparison and matched on sex, age, conditioning regimen, and disease type. We screened 26 patients for this study; 20 were treated and included in the primary analysis, and 19 completed the HBO therapy and were included in the secondary analysis. Although the median time to neutrophil count recovery was 11 days in both the HBO and control cohorts, the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the full distributions indicate that the time to neutrophil recovery was generally about 1 day sooner for HBO versus historical controls (log-rank P = .005; range, 9 to 13 for HBO patients and 7 to 18 for controls). The median time to platelet count recovery was 16 days (range, 14 to 21) for HBO versus 18 days (range, 11 to 86) for controls (log-rank P < .0001). In the secondary analysis comparing the HBO cohort who completed HBO therapy (n = 19) with our historical cohort, we evaluated neutropenic fever, growth factor use, mucositis, day +100 disease responses, and blood product use. HBO was associated with less growth factor use (median 6 days in HBO cohort versus median 8 days in controls, P < .0001). Packed RBC and platelet transfusion requirements were not statistically different between the 2 cohorts. Mucositis incidence was significantly lower in the HBO cohort (26.3% in HBO cohort versus 64.2% in controls, P = .002). HBO therapy appears to be well tolerated in the setting of high-dose therapy and auto-HCT. Prospective studies are needed to confirm potential benefits of HBO with respect to earlier blood count recovery, reduced mucositis, and growth factor use, and a cost-benefit analysis is warranted.© 2019 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.     

深圳市社区居民牙周健康状况分析

目的调查深圳市居民牙周健康状况,分析其影响因素,为开展口腔健康促进和干预提供参考依据。方法于2015年3月采用社区牙周指数(CPI)评价深圳市3 030名18~90岁的成年人个体牙周健康状况并进行问卷调查。结果牙龈完全健康者为5.7%,牙龈探诊出血检出率为35.1%,牙石检出率为48%,牙周浅袋检出率为8.1%,牙周深袋检出率为3.2%;男性牙周炎检出率高于女性(χ2=10.16,P=0.002);牙龈完全健康者检出率女性高于男性(χ2=7.02,P=0.008);多因素logistic回归分析表明,年龄、性别、收入水平、糖尿病、高血压、心脏病及脑血管疾病与牙周炎具有相关性。结论深圳市社区居民牙周健康整体情况尚可,应针对相关影响因素进行干预,进一步改善牙周健康状况。     

分级诊疗实施后对医务人员的影响及其认知状况调查

目的:了解分级诊疗制度实施后对试点地区各级医疗机构医务人员的影响,以及医务人员对分级诊疗的认知状况和影响因素。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样方法,对15个试点地区各级医疗机构的435名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果:制度实施后,不同级别医疗机构医务人员在月总收入、绩效工资占比、工作负担和医患关系方面存在差异;各级医疗机构医务人员对分级诊疗的总体认知率达81.4%,其中三级医院依次高于乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务中心和二级医院;不同科室类别、职称级别、绩效工资占比和薪酬变化的医务人员对分级诊疗认知状况有差异。结论:要进一步发挥医务人员对分级诊疗的关键作用,提升基层服务能力的同时,加大对二级医院的关注,改革薪酬制度,调动医疗机构和医务人员的积极性,促进分级诊疗制度更好地发展。     

基于沈阳市沈河区社区居民的身体肥胖指数和正常体重肥胖与代谢综合征及其组分的关系研究

背景　我国北方人群代谢综合征（MS）患病率较高,而身体肥胖指数（BAI）是一个衡量脂肪组织堆积程度的新指标,正常体重肥胖（NWO）已被证实与MS及其危险因素相关,但目前关于BAI、NWO与我国北方人群MS关系的研究报道较少。目的　基于沈阳市沈河区社区居民分析BAI、NWO与MS及其组分的关系。方法　2015年4-6月,采用整群随机抽样方法抽取参与当地健康调查的社区居民2 338例,分析其人体测量学指标、代谢指标及生活行为因素;BAI与MS及其组分的关系分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果　校正年龄、吸烟状况、饮酒状况后进行的多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：男性社区居民BAI与MS及中心性肥胖、三酰甘油（TG）升高有关（P<0.001）;女性社区居民BAI与MS及中心性肥胖、血压升高、空腹血糖（FBG）升高、TG升高有关（P<0.05）;在男性社区居民中,以正常体质量但BAI≥26.1者为参照,正常体质量且BAI<26.1者MS、中心性肥胖、TG升高发生风险降低,超重且BAI≥26.1者中心性肥胖发生风险升高,肥胖但BAI<26.1者血压升高发生风险升高,肥胖且BAI≥26.1者MS发生风险升高（P<0.05）;在女性社区居民中,以正常体质量但BAI≥29.2者为参照,正常体质量且BAI<29.2者MS、中心性肥胖、TG升高发生风险降低,超重但BAI<29.2者血压升高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）降低风险升高,超重且BAI≥29.2者MS、中心性肥胖、血压升高发生风险升高,肥胖但BAI<29.2者HDL-C降低发生风险升高,肥胖且BAI≥29.2者MS、中心性肥胖、血压升高、FBG升高、TG升高发生风险升高（P<0.05）。结论　沈阳市沈河区社区居民MS患病率较高〔男性、女性分别为50.4%（386/766）、46.6%（733/1 572）〕,BAI与其MS发生风险升高有关,且根据体质指数（BMI）和BAI评价的NWO者MS发生风险较非NWO者升高,但根据BMI和BAI评价的肥胖或超重者MS发生风险趋于接近,而BAI的常规测量可能成为监测肥胖及预防MS的好方法。     

昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素分析

目的：探讨昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素。

方法：横断面研究,于2019-08对昌都市14岁以下中小学生进行流行病学调查,采用自制问卷调查,分析该地区14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素。

结果：本研究理论受检儿童2 648例,调查过程中共2 389例儿童接受调查,总体受调查率为90.22%,实际受检者中有干眼症状413例(17.29%),确诊干眼症331例,干眼症患病率为13.86%。单因素分析显示,干眼症儿童和非干眼症儿童的年龄、性别、眼部手术史、眼部外伤史、喜食蔬菜水果、过敏性结膜炎、倒睫、屈光不正、沙眼、睑缘炎、阅读书写姿势、隐形眼镜、看电脑或手机时间、被动吸烟、抗生素滴眼液的资料有差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄、过敏性结膜炎、睑腺炎、屈光不正、被动吸烟是昌都市儿童干眼症发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症发病率较高,年龄、过敏性结膜炎、睑腺炎、屈光不正、被动吸烟是昌都市儿童干眼症发生的危险因素。